Interaction between tumor cells and the tumor microenvironment: the role of TILs in immune mechanisms in molecular subtypes of breast cancer
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Interaction between tumor cells and the tumor microenvironment: the role of TILs in immune mechanisms in molecular subtypes of breast cancer
Abstract
The shift in focus from malignant cells to the tumor microenvironment (TME) ecosystem has placed the assessment of Tumor-Infiltrating Lymphocytes (TILs) at the center of precision medicine. By applying a literature review combined with secondary analysis of 103 cases of invasive breast carcinoma at the University of Medicine and Pharmacy at Ho Chi Minh City from 01/2020 to 12/2021, this article elucidates the correlation between stromal TIL (sTIL) density and various histopathological factors and breast cancer molecular subtypes. The study observed a positive correlation between stromal TILs density and poor prognostic factors (high histological grade, tumor necrosis) and aggressive molecular subtypes (HER2-positive - HER2+, Triple Negative - TNBC). Empirical data also recorded significantly higher median sTIL levels in the HER2+ group (30%) and TNBC group (20%) compared to the Luminal A group (8,3%), thereby confirming that TILs are not only a morphological marker but also an independent measure of immunogenicity, playing a pivotal role in risk stratification and the indication ofpersonalized treatment strategies in Vietnam.
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