Tay Nguyen Journal of Sciences

Characteristics of ventilatory disorders and associated factors in patients with chronic respiratory disease at Tay Nguyen University’s Hospital in 2025

Tống Nguyễn Bình, Trương Thị Thúy Trinh — Tue, 30 Jun 2026 00:00:00 +0700

Background: Chronic respiratory diseases are a major and growing global health burden, with spirometry playing a crucial role in evaluating ventilatory defects. Objective: This study aims to describe the characteristics of spirometric ventilatory defects and investigate their concordance with clinical diagnoses among patients with chronic respiratory diseases at Tay Nguyen University’s Hospital. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted on 110 patients clinically diagnosed with chronic respiratory diseases (based on GINA and GOLD criteria) who underwent spirometry according to ATS/ERS 2019 technical standards. Results: The proportion of abnormal spirometry was 65.5% (95% CI: 56.1 – 74.1%), predominantly featuring obstructive ventilatory defects (60.9%; 95% CI: 51.8 – 70.0%). Analysis of obstruction patterns across the entire sample revealed 40.0% (95% CI: 30.8 – 49.2%) reversible obstruction and 20.9% (95% CI: 13.3 – 28.1%) irreversible obstruction. There was a statistically significant difference in the distribution of obstruction patterns by clinical diagnosis (p = 0.025): the asthma group exhibited a high rate of obstruction (75.6%), including 40.5% reversible and 35.1% irreversible patterns, whereas the COPD group recorded a relatively high proportion of patients with no obstruction on spirometry (53.5%). Conclusion: The findings suggest a certain degree of discordance between clinical diagnoses and spirometric results. This highlights the complementary role of spirometry in accurately determining defect phenotypes, thereby helping to optimize treatment strategies for patients with chronic respiratory diseases.

Interaction between tumor cells and the tumor microenvironment: the role of TILs in immune mechanisms in molecular subtypes of breast cancer

Tue, 30 Jun 2026 00:00:00 +0700

The shift in focus from malignant cells to the tumor microenvironment (TME) ecosystem has placed the assessment of Tumor-Infiltrating Lymphocytes (TILs) at the center of precision medicine. By applying a literature review combined with secondary analysis of 103 cases of invasive breast carcinoma at the University of Medicine and Pharmacy at Ho Chi Minh City from 01/2020 to 12/2021, this article elucidates the correlation between stromal TIL (sTIL) density and various histopathological factors and breast cancer molecular subtypes. The study observed a positive correlation between stromal TILs density and poor prognostic factors (high histological grade, tumor necrosis) and aggressive molecular subtypes (HER2-positive - HER2+, Triple Negative - TNBC). Empirical data also recorded significantly higher median sTIL levels in the HER2+ group (30%) and TNBC group (20%) compared to the Luminal A group (8,3%), thereby confirming that TILs are not only a morphological marker but also an independent measure of immunogenicity, playing a pivotal role in risk stratification and the indication ofpersonalized treatment strategies in Vietnam.

The role of microorganisms in soil health: An overview

Tran Thi Bien Thuy, Nguyen Van Minh — Thu, 18 Jun 2026 00:00:00 +0700

Soil health refers to the capacity of soil to sustain essential ecosystem functions. Biological factors are key drivers of these functions. Soil microbial communities play a central role in regulating material and energy flows, while directly participating in critical biological processes. Through the activities of beneficial soil microorganisms, ecological functions, environmental quality, and soil resilience are maintained. This article highlights the pivotal role of beneficial microorganisms in sustaining soil health, based on an analysis of major biological processes such as the carbon cycle, nutrient cycling and transformation, soil structure stabilization, pest and disease suppression, and soil pollution control. These insights contribute to clarifying both the theoretical and practical foundations of microbial functions in soil health management.

Functional domain characteristics and sequence variation of the NANB protein of Pasteurella multocida type D isolated from buffaloes in Dak Lak province and comparison with type B strains

Tue, 30 Jun 2026 00:00:00 +0700

In the context of limited molecular data on Pasteurella multocida type D isolated from buffaloes in Dak Lak province, this study analyzed the neuraminidase NanB protein of a type D strain, designated EH32, and compared it with two type B strains, PM248 and the Iranian strain used for vaccine production. NanB sequences were extracted from whole–genome sequencing data; signal peptides were predicted using SignalP–5.0, domain architecture was annotated using InterProScan, and amino acid variation was assessed by multiple sequence alignment. The results showed that NanB from all three strains contained a Sec/SPI signal peptide with a conserved cleavage site at position 25/26 (TFG|QI), and shared a domain architecture consisting of an N–terminal sialidase region and a C–terminal β–barrel autotransporter domain. Within the scope of comparison with the two type B strains, PM248 and Iran, NanB from EH32 exhibited an overall identity of 87.2% across directly comparable sites. Variation was mainly concentrated in the passenger/sialidase region, with a PID of 76.2% and several short indels, whereas the autotransporter region was highly conserved, with a PID of 97.7%. Within the scope of the present dataset, the sequence variations observed in NanB from EH32 were predominantly localized to the passenger/sialidase region. This finding highlights this region as a priority target for further investigation of its potential roles in sialidase activity, antigenicity, and mucosal adaptation through 3D structural modeling and functional assays.

Effects of nutrient solution concentration and spraying interval on the growth of aeroponically grown potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) under greenhouse conditions at Tay Nguyen University

Nguyễn Tuân, Lê Minh Tân, Nguyễn Hữu Kiên, Chung Như Anh — Tue, 30 Jun 2026 00:00:00 +0700

This study was conducted to determine the optimal nutrient solution concentration and spraying interval for the vegetative growth stage (0 - 30 days after planting) of the potato cultivar FL2215 in an aeroponic system. Two independent experiments were arranged in a Latin Square Design with three replications, carried out under greenhouse conditions at the Faculty of Agriculture, Tay Nguyen University. Morphological characteristics were periodically evaluated to analyze the developmental dynamics of the plants. The results indicated that a nutrient combination comprising 600 ppm of NPK macronutrients and 200 ppm of micronutrients created the most suitable osmotic pressure for root and canopy development. At 30 days after planting, this treatment recorded the maximum values for the number of emerged shoots (3.2 shoots/tuber), stem diameter (0.68 cm), and number of floral branches (2.2 branches/plant). Regarding the moisture and aeration regime, a spraying cycle of 4 hours/day (equivalent to a flow rate of 168 liters/day) facilitated the highest biomass accumulation, achieving a main stem height of 35.2 cm and a stem diameter of 0.93 cm. Increasing the total spraying duration to 5 - 6 hours/day tended to reduce internode elongation and stem diameter. The study initially affirms the feasibility of the established operational parameters for the FL2215 cultivar during the early growth stage. Furthermore, it is recommended to implement cooling solutions to control the nutrient tank temperature below 25°C to maintain dissolved oxygen levels, thereby preventing root-zone hypoxia under high thermal radiation conditions.

Developing an Ethno-STEM project-based learning process on the theme "Ecological longhouse and solar power"

Nguyễn Thị Thanh Phương, Phùng Thị Tố Loan, Dương Thị Thanh Dung — Tue, 30 Jun 2026 00:00:00 +0700

This study aims to develop an Ethno-STEM project-based learning process on the theme "Ecological Longhouse and Solar Power" and evaluate its feasibility in enhancing career self-efficacy for 9th-grade students in Dak Lak province. Based on the theoretical foundation of Ethno-STEM, combined with survey results from 217 students and 37 teachers at 5 secondary schools, the research proposed a 5-step teaching process integrating indigenous knowledge about Ê-đê Longhouse architecture with 9th-grade Natural Science knowledge about solar energy. Evaluation results from 37 teachers showed that the process is highly feasible, with 89.2% rating it as feasible and very feasible, 91.9% confirming its appropriateness to the local cultural context, and 86.5% stating that it can be effectively implemented within the Local Education program and Career Experiential Activities. This research offers a scientific and practical foundation for secondary school teachers in the Central Highlands to implement STEM education activities integrated with cultural preservation, thereby improving the efficiency of student streaming after lower secondary education.

Empirical investigation of Digital Transformation at Prudential Vietnam

Thái Thanh Hà — Tue, 30 Jun 2026 00:00:00 +0700

Digital transformation has become an imperative rather than a choice for the insurance industry worldwide, and Prudential Vietnam is no exception. This study was designed to illuminate how digital transformation is actually working, not from the vantage point of executive dashboards, but from the current experiences of the employees. Drawing on self-administered questionnaires distributed via Google Forms, data were gathered from 260 respondents across multiple organisational levels and entered into an SPSS database for multivariate analysis. Exploratory factor analysis (EFA) and step-wise linear regression were then employed to identify the factors that most meaningfully influence the effectiveness of digital transformation at Prudential Vietnam. The findings reveal an interesting picture of what is working, what requires reinforcement, and where opportunities remain untapped. Based on these insights, a set of evidence-based recommendations is offered to help the company deepen and sustain its digital transformation journey in the years ahead.

The current employment situation of graduates from Tay Nguyen University in the 2023 – 2025 period, and proposed solutions to improve graduate employment rates

Huỳnh Văn Quốc — Tue, 30 Jun 2026 00:00:00 +0700

This paper looks at the employment situation of graduates from Tay Nguyen University in the 2023–2025 period, and proposed solutions to improve graduate employment rates. We used a descriptive survey method and analyzed data trends. The results show that the employment rate of graduates ranged from 84.4% to 87.1%. The proportion of graduates working in their trained fields increased from 82.7% to 89.3%, and average monthly income rose from 5.6 million to 6.7 million VND. Tay Nguyen University plays an important role in supplying skilled human resources for the Central Highlands provinces. That said, the university needs to strengthen practical training and fieldwork, invest in facilities, and update its curriculum to close the gap between theory and practice, thereby better meeting the demands of the labor market.

Does sustainability certification improve productivity or expand production scale? Evidence from certified coffee systems in Vietnam’s central highlands

Phan Thị Thúy, Lê Thị Hoàng Oanh — Tue, 30 Jun 2026 00:00:00 +0700

STEM festival organization in general education schools for student competency development

Đinh Thị Xuân Thảo, Mai Đường Thế Huy — Tue, 30 Jun 2026 00:00:00 +0700

STEM education has become an important orientation of Vietnam’s 2018 General Education Program, aiming to develop students’ qualities and competencies through the application of interdisciplinary knowledge to practical problem-solving. Among various educational approaches, STEM festivals are considered a meaningful form of experiential learning that stimulates students’ interest in learning, fosters scientific thinking and creativity, and strengthens the connection between schools and the community. This paper analyzes the theoretical foundations, objectives, organizational contents, and levels of student participation in STEM festivals. In addition, it proposes an organizational process for STEM festival activities aimed at developing students’ competencies through three stages: pre-festival preparation, implementation during the festival, and post-festival evaluation.The practical implementation at Victory Primary, Secondary and High School (Dak Lak Province, Vietnam) in 2025, through the competency assessment of 172 primary school students, showed that organizing STEM festivals based on a scientific process, competency-oriented approaches, and the collaboration of multiple educational stakeholders significantly improved students’ self-directed learning, communication and collaboration, problem-solving, and creativity competencies. The findings contribute to affirming that STEM festivals can become an effective experiential education model, thereby supporting the ongoing goals of general education reform in Vietnam.

Effects of heat treatment temperature and time on the quality of dried Areca catechu L. nut in Dak Lak province

Tue, 30 Jun 2026 00:00:00 +0700

Areca nut (Areca catechu L.) is a commercially important crop in Vietnam, with dried areca nut being a major export-oriented product. However, current processing practices are still largely experience-based, resulting in inconsistent product quality. This study investigated the effects of pressurized hot-water treatment temperature and duration on the physical and sensory attributes of dried areca nuts. The results showed that treatment at 120 °C for 30 min produced the best product quality, with intact shape, no observed deformation (0.0%), distinct surface vein formation, and the highest sensory score (4.65). Higher temperatures markedly increased deformation rates, reaching 13.85% at 140 °C and 21.07% at 160 °C. In the time-treatment experiment at 120 °C, short treatments (10–20 min) were insufficient for clear vein formation, whereas prolonged treatments (40–50 min) increased deformation rates to 8.70% and 13.35%, respectively, mainly due to detachment of the fruit base and reduced sensory quality. These findings provide an initial technical basis for standardizing heat treatment conditions in dried areca nut processing in Dak Lak Province.

Investigation of the lag phase in amyloid-beta aggregation using a lattice model

Phung Nguyen Thai Hang, Pham Ngoc Ha, Nguyen Thi Mai Tram — Tue, 30 Jun 2026 00:00:00 +0700

This study employs a lattice model combined with Monte Carlo simulations to overcome the computational time-scale bottleneck, enabling a comprehensive observation of lag phase dynamics under macro-conditions. Our results demonstrate that the temperature dependence of aggregation time follows a characteristic U-shaped curve, identifying an optimal temperature range that maximizes the nucleation rate. Investigations into concentration variations confirm an inverse correlation with the lag time, which is attributed to the increased effective collision probability and enhanced nucleation capacity as spatial density rises. Notably, the successful reproduction of sigmoid kinetic curves allows for the identification of an ideal concentration threshold that maintains a sufficiently long lag phase for detailed micro-analysis.